Research Problem: The development of modern technologies has become a global common infrastructure and priority due to its environmental, economic and social advantages. Due to the increase in population and expansion of the man-made environment and turning to architecture and interior design, the demand for ENERGY for various purposes is increasing day by day. Therefore, the intelligent use of renewable ENERGY plays an important role in improving the sustainability and ENERGY EFFICIENCY in architectural design. Research Question: What effect does the geometry of the window and the use of optical shelves have on the reception and optimal use of natural light? Research Method: The purpose of the present research is the feasibility of using new technologies, including optical racks, in architectural design, emphasizing the approach of increasing the EFFICIENCY of renewable ENERGY (sunlight) in Arian Tower, Hamedan.  Research method: Applied research has a quantitative nature and data analysis method is combined, descriptive-analytical and simulation. Collecting information is done by field surveys in the space of Aryan Tower and collecting data with devices such as lux meters. By using Design Builder and Ecotect software, the role of light shelves on providing natural lighting in Arian Tower is investigate The Most Important Results and Conclusion: The investigations carried out on the building unit show that the internal parts of the plan do not receive any natural light and this problem causes the increase in ENERGY consumption. It is because the lamps are turned on to provide lighting. By installing a light ledge, which is one of the methods of using renewable ENERGY, an attempt was made to bring the light to the depth of the plan, and this system performed well in performing its task and received the Green Star certificate. Finally, it was concluded that the use of optical shelf has a significant effect in reducing the cold and heat load and especially increasing the lighting load.

According to the country’s annual ENERGY consumption statistics, over a third of ENERGY is consumed in Iran’s buildings. Having socioeconomic roots, important ENERGY EFFICIENCY obstacles include those related to micro economy, ENERGY markets and a resistance against changing habits. These factors are identified in the present research using library search and officially released data. They are then put into test through discussions with sustainability and sustainable architecture experts and also by observing the real conditions of the society. Using the structural model of Amos (23), it is investigated how these factors affect each other and how their impacts can be reduced or the eliminated. On this basis, the use of advanced building ENERGY EFFICIENCY, and effective ENERGY codes are identified and proposed.

Optimum use of water and ENERGY due to the rapid growth in water and ENERGY demand and limitations of these resources is essential. The proper use of these resources without the knowledge of the use and EFFICIENCY of these inputs is not possible. This study aimed to evaluate the water and ENERGY consumption, Losses and EFFICIENCY of ENERGY for Electric pumping stations was conducted in Hamadan city farms during the 2009 to 2011. Pumping Nebraska index was applied to compare the performance of irrigation pumping stations. Also the input power, output power and total ENERGY EFFICIENCY were calculated in pumping stations. The results showed that the total EFFICIENCY changed from 16.7 to 65.8 percent. The average of total EFFICIENCY and wasted ENERGY of an electric pump was calculated about 49.8 percent and 8.7 KW per hour respectively. Average water use EFFICIENCY in Potato fields in the furrow and sprinkler systems was 3.1 and 6.2 kg/m3 respectively. Factors such as proper selection of pumps and engine according to the capacity and system pressure, the Proper repair and maintenance of pumps and motors can increase ENERGY EFFICIENCY.

This research, conducted in Gotvand, southwest Iran, evaluated the ENERGY balance of a field system which watermelon produced in it. In the current research, ENERGY inputs of watermelon planting were measured. To reach this goal, questionnaires were given to the farmers to record the amount of ENERGY input to their watermelon planting field. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that nitrogen was the input with the highest consumption of ENERGY (4175 MJ.ha-1) followed by diesel fuel. About 90% of the consumed ENERGY of watermelon planting system was seen for energies which cannot be renewed. The results showed that the EFFICIENCY of ENERGY consumption was positive, indicating that the amount of output ENERGY was higher than that of input ENERGY. With each unit of ENERGY was consumed, 4.86 units of ENERGY were produced, which indicates high ENERGY EFFICIENCY. For improving the EFFICIENCY of ENERGY usage in the watermelon planting system, nitrogen application to the system should be reduced and it can be reached by suitable rotation which diminish the nitrogen needs.

Increasing demand for agricultural products and production of resource constraints- especially the limitation of cultivable areas - have made the highest yield per unit area the main goal of agricultural producers. Agriculture is a system exhibiting high ENERGY consumption and production. Since ENERGY has a direct impact on the EFFICIENCY of crop production, a sustainable agricultural system needs to be analyzed in terms of its input and output ENERGY to determine the total consumed ENERGY of production per unit area. The difference between input and output ENERGY determines ENERGY EFFICIENCY of an agronomical system. Input ENERGY requires being well analyzed to reduce ENERGY consumption and increase ENERGY EFFICIENCY. This paper reviews ENERGY EFFICIENCY indices based on ENERGY consumption during planting and harvesting. To enhance ENERGY EFFICIENCY of agronomical systems, some strategies are discussed in detail, including using high quality seeds, minimum tillage systems, direct seeded rice, weeds control especially in irrigation canals and plant nutrition through agronomical management. Although some agronomical strategies -like complementary irrigation in dry land farming systems- increase input ENERGY, they increase crop yield. However, when output ENERGY, resulting from the rise in crop yield, is higher than input ENERGY, the system ENERGY EFFICIENCY improves. Still, some inputs cannot be altered according to regional conditions which are often related to harvest stages operations.

The scope of the present study is the determination of the ENERGY EFFICIENCY National Building Codes position in the upgrading process of rural housing, and the formulation of fundamental key points for an easy and appropriate application of the related codes in the construction process.Nowadays, the importance of ENERGY EFFICIENCY in buildings has become a clear priority for specialists, directors and ordinary people, and a considerable effort for the dissemination has been elaborated. Most of the specialists agree that this will be the key factor for the Sustainable Development of the Building Construction Industry. In this regard, in the last decades, taking into consideration the environmental issues and the limitation of ENERGY resources, in most of the countries, the ENERGY EFFICIENCY of the building sector has become a top priority in building codes.Regarding the multiplicity of influencing factors in ENERGY saving, and taking into consideration the important differences between rural and urban housing, in design and construction phases, it is necessary to prepare rural codes with a different approach. It is obvious that clear codes adapted to rural housing expectations can’t be obtained, if there is no precise and sufficient knowledge about the existing situation in such regions.In this paper, thanks to the experiences of foreign ENERGY EFFICIENCY codes, taking into consideration major topics in ENERGY codes, and existing restraints in design and construction, the structure of the ENERGY EFFICIENCY regulation for rural buildings has been proposed.  

Climate change and its possible impacts on the environment and socio-economic systems now constitute the most important environmental problem facing mankind in the 21st century. Climate change will increase poverty and hardship, endanger food security, destabilize economies, decrease food and water and create social insecurity in many countries and undermine our goals for achieving sustainable development. An in-depth analysis was carried out on the nature and characteristics of climatic changes and the roles of renewable ENERGY and ENERGY EFFICIENCY in combating the threat of climate change especially in relation to mitigation measures. ENERGY policy is therefore becoming an increasingly important tool for medium and long term planning to mitigate GHG emissions and to adapt to climate change especially in the developing countries. This paper highlights the fact that research efforts for the rest of the 21st century be directed towards harnessing renewable energies like the solar, wind and geothermal energies to replace the present day burning of fossil fuel ENERGY for lighting, heating, cooling, manufacturing, cooking, transport, entertainment, etc. This will help to reduce the emission of green house gases (GHGs) and ozone depletion and in the long run the global warming effect.